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# frozen_string_literal: true
#
# The \HTTPHeader module provides access to \HTTP headers.
#
# The module is included in:
#
# - Net::HTTPGenericRequest (and therefore Net::HTTPRequest).
# - Net::HTTPResponse.
#
# The headers are a hash-like collection of key/value pairs called _fields_.
#
# == Request and Response Fields
#
# Headers may be included in:
#
# - A Net::HTTPRequest object:
# the object's headers will be sent with the request.
# Any fields may be defined in the request;
# see {Setters}[rdoc-ref:Net::HTTPHeader@Setters].
# - A Net::HTTPResponse object:
# the objects headers are usually those returned from the host.
# Fields may be retrieved from the object;
# see {Getters}[rdoc-ref:Net::HTTPHeader@Getters]
# and {Iterators}[rdoc-ref:Net::HTTPHeader@Iterators].
#
# Exactly which fields should be sent or expected depends on the host;
# see:
#
# - {Request fields}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_HTTP_header_fields#Request_fields].
# - {Response fields}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_HTTP_header_fields#Response_fields].
#
# == About the Examples
#
# :include: doc/net-http/examples.rdoc
#
# == Fields
#
# A header field is a key/value pair.
#
# === Field Keys
#
# A field key may be:
#
# - A string: Key <tt>'Accept'</tt> is treated as if it were
# <tt>'Accept'.downcase</tt>; i.e., <tt>'accept'</tt>.
# - A symbol: Key <tt>:Accept</tt> is treated as if it were
# <tt>:Accept.to_s.downcase</tt>; i.e., <tt>'accept'</tt>.
#
# Examples:
#
# req = Net::HTTP::Get.new(uri)
# req[:accept] # => "*/*"
# req['Accept'] # => "*/*"
# req['ACCEPT'] # => "*/*"
#
# req['accept'] = 'text/html'
# req[:accept] = 'text/html'
# req['ACCEPT'] = 'text/html'
#
# === Field Values
#
# A field value may be returned as an array of strings or as a string:
#
# - These methods return field values as arrays:
#
# - #get_fields: Returns the array value for the given key,
# or +nil+ if it does not exist.
# - #to_hash: Returns a hash of all header fields:
# each key is a field name; its value is the array value for the field.
#
# - These methods return field values as string;
# the string value for a field is equivalent to
# <tt>self[key.downcase.to_s].join(', '))</tt>:
#
# - #[]: Returns the string value for the given key,
# or +nil+ if it does not exist.
# - #fetch: Like #[], but accepts a default value
# to be returned if the key does not exist.
#
# The field value may be set:
#
# - #[]=: Sets the value for the given key;
# the given value may be a string, a symbol, an array, or a hash.
# - #add_field: Adds a given value to a value for the given key
# (not overwriting the existing value).
# - #delete: Deletes the field for the given key.
#
# Example field values:
#
# - \String:
#
# req['Accept'] = 'text/html' # => "text/html"
# req['Accept'] # => "text/html"
# req.get_fields('Accept') # => ["text/html"]
#
# - \Symbol:
#
# req['Accept'] = :text # => :text
# req['Accept'] # => "text"
# req.get_fields('Accept') # => ["text"]
#
# - Simple array:
#
# req[:foo] = %w[bar baz bat]
# req[:foo] # => "bar, baz, bat"
# req.get_fields(:foo) # => ["bar", "baz", "bat"]
#
# - Simple hash:
#
# req[:foo] = {bar: 0, baz: 1, bat: 2}
# req[:foo] # => "bar, 0, baz, 1, bat, 2"
# req.get_fields(:foo) # => ["bar", "0", "baz", "1", "bat", "2"]
#
# - Nested:
#
# req[:foo] = [%w[bar baz], {bat: 0, bam: 1}]
# req[:foo] # => "bar, baz, bat, 0, bam, 1"
# req.get_fields(:foo) # => ["bar", "baz", "bat", "0", "bam", "1"]
#
# req[:foo] = {bar: %w[baz bat], bam: {bah: 0, bad: 1}}
# req[:foo] # => "bar, baz, bat, bam, bah, 0, bad, 1"
# req.get_fields(:foo) # => ["bar", "baz", "bat", "bam", "bah", "0", "bad", "1"]
#
# == Convenience Methods
#
# Various convenience methods retrieve values, set values, query values,
# set form values, or iterate over fields.
#
# === Setters
#
# \Method #[]= can set any field, but does little to validate the new value;
# some of the other setter methods provide some validation:
#
# - #[]=: Sets the string or array value for the given key.
# - #add_field: Creates or adds to the array value for the given key.
# - #basic_auth: Sets the string authorization header for <tt>'Authorization'</tt>.
# - #content_length=: Sets the integer length for field <tt>'Content-Length</tt>.
# - #content_type=: Sets the string value for field <tt>'Content-Type'</tt>.
# - #proxy_basic_auth: Sets the string authorization header for <tt>'Proxy-Authorization'</tt>.
# - #set_range: Sets the value for field <tt>'Range'</tt>.
#
# === Form Setters
#
# - #set_form: Sets an HTML form data set.
# - #set_form_data: Sets header fields and a body from HTML form data.
#
# === Getters
#
# \Method #[] can retrieve the value of any field that exists,
# but always as a string;
# some of the other getter methods return something different
# from the simple string value:
#
# - #[]: Returns the string field value for the given key.
# - #content_length: Returns the integer value of field <tt>'Content-Length'</tt>.
# - #content_range: Returns the Range value of field <tt>'Content-Range'</tt>.
# - #content_type: Returns the string value of field <tt>'Content-Type'</tt>.
# - #fetch: Returns the string field value for the given key.
# - #get_fields: Returns the array field value for the given +key+.
# - #main_type: Returns first part of the string value of field <tt>'Content-Type'</tt>.
# - #sub_type: Returns second part of the string value of field <tt>'Content-Type'</tt>.
# - #range: Returns an array of Range objects of field <tt>'Range'</tt>, or +nil+.
# - #range_length: Returns the integer length of the range given in field <tt>'Content-Range'</tt>.
# - #type_params: Returns the string parameters for <tt>'Content-Type'</tt>.
#
# === Queries
#
# - #chunked?: Returns whether field <tt>'Transfer-Encoding'</tt> is set to <tt>'chunked'</tt>.
# - #connection_close?: Returns whether field <tt>'Connection'</tt> is set to <tt>'close'</tt>.
# - #connection_keep_alive?: Returns whether field <tt>'Connection'</tt> is set to <tt>'keep-alive'</tt>.
# - #key?: Returns whether a given key exists.
#
# === Iterators
#
# - #each_capitalized: Passes each field capitalized-name/value pair to the block.
# - #each_capitalized_name: Passes each capitalized field name to the block.
# - #each_header: Passes each field name/value pair to the block.
# - #each_name: Passes each field name to the block.
# - #each_value: Passes each string field value to the block.
#
module Net::HTTPHeader
MAX_KEY_LENGTH = 1024
MAX_FIELD_LENGTH = 65536
def initialize_http_header(initheader) #:nodoc:
@header = {}
return unless initheader
initheader.each do |key, value|
warn "net/http: duplicated HTTP header: #{key}", uplevel: 3 if key?(key) and $VERBOSE
if value.nil?
warn "net/http: nil HTTP header: #{key}", uplevel: 3 if $VERBOSE
else
value = value.strip # raise error for invalid byte sequences
if key.to_s.bytesize > MAX_KEY_LENGTH
raise ArgumentError, "too long (#{key.bytesize} bytes) header: #{key[0, 30].inspect}..."
end
if value.to_s.bytesize > MAX_FIELD_LENGTH
raise ArgumentError, "header #{key} has too long field value: #{value.bytesize}"
end
if value.count("\r\n") > 0
raise ArgumentError, "header #{key} has field value #{value.inspect}, this cannot include CR/LF"
end
@header[key.downcase.to_s] = [value]
end
end
end
def size #:nodoc: obsolete
@header.size
end
alias length size #:nodoc: obsolete
# Returns the string field value for the case-insensitive field +key+,
# or +nil+ if there is no such key;
# see {Fields}[rdoc-ref:Net::HTTPHeader@Fields]:
#
# res = Net::HTTP.get_response(hostname, '/todos/1')
# res['Connection'] # => "keep-alive"
# res['Nosuch'] # => nil
#
# Note that some field values may be retrieved via convenience methods;
# see {Getters}[rdoc-ref:Net::HTTPHeader@Getters].
def [](key)
a = @header[key.downcase.to_s] or return nil
a.join(', ')
end
# Sets the value for the case-insensitive +key+ to +val+,
# overwriting the previous value if the field exists;
# see {Fields}[rdoc-ref:Net::HTTPHeader@Fields]:
#
# req = Net::HTTP::Get.new(uri)
# req['Accept'] # => "*/*"
# req['Accept'] = 'text/html'
# req['Accept'] # => "text/html"
#
# Note that some field values may be set via convenience methods;
# see {Setters}[rdoc-ref:Net::HTTPHeader@Setters].
def []=(key, val)
unless val
@header.delete key.downcase.to_s
return val
end
set_field(key, val)
end
# Adds value +val+ to the value array for field +key+ if the field exists;
# creates the field with the given +key+ and +val+ if it does not exist.
# see {Fields}[rdoc-ref:Net::HTTPHeader@Fields]:
#
# req = Net::HTTP::Get.new(uri)
# req.add_field('Foo', 'bar')
# req['Foo'] # => "bar"
# req.add_field('Foo', 'baz')
# req['Foo'] # => "bar, baz"
# req.add_field('Foo', %w[baz bam])
# req['Foo'] # => "bar, baz, baz, bam"
# req.get_fields('Foo') # => ["bar", "baz", "baz", "bam"]
#
def add_field(key, val)
stringified_downcased_key = key.downcase.to_s
if @header.key?(stringified_downcased_key)
append_field_value(@header[stringified_downcased_key], val)
else
set_field(key, val)
end
end
private def set_field(key, val)
case val
when Enumerable
ary = []
append_field_value(ary, val)
@header[key.downcase.to_s] = ary
else
val = val.to_s # for compatibility use to_s instead of to_str
if val.b.count("\r\n") > 0
raise ArgumentError, 'header field value cannot include CR/LF'
end
@header[key.downcase.to_s] = [val]
end
end
private def append_field_value(ary, val)
case val
when Enumerable
val.each{|x| append_field_value(ary, x)}
else
val = val.to_s
if /[\r\n]/n.match?(val.b)
raise ArgumentError, 'header field value cannot include CR/LF'
end
ary.push val
end
end
# Returns the array field value for the given +key+,
# or +nil+ if there is no such field;
# see {Fields}[rdoc-ref:Net::HTTPHeader@Fields]:
#
# res = Net::HTTP.get_response(hostname, '/todos/1')
# res.get_fields('Connection') # => ["keep-alive"]
# res.get_fields('Nosuch') # => nil
#
def get_fields(key)
stringified_downcased_key = key.downcase.to_s
return nil unless @header[stringified_downcased_key]
@header[stringified_downcased_key].dup
end
# call-seq:
# fetch(key, default_val = nil) {|key| ... } -> object
# fetch(key, default_val = nil) -> value or default_val
#
# With a block, returns the string value for +key+ if it exists;
# otherwise returns the value of the block;
# ignores the +default_val+;
# see {Fields}[rdoc-ref:Net::HTTPHeader@Fields]:
#
# res = Net::HTTP.get_response(hostname, '/todos/1')
#
# # Field exists; block not called.
# res.fetch('Connection') do |value|
# fail 'Cannot happen'
# end # => "keep-alive"
#
# # Field does not exist; block called.
# res.fetch('Nosuch') do |value|
# value.downcase
# end # => "nosuch"
#
# With no block, returns the string value for +key+ if it exists;
# otherwise, returns +default_val+ if it was given;
# otherwise raises an exception:
#
# res.fetch('Connection', 'Foo') # => "keep-alive"
# res.fetch('Nosuch', 'Foo') # => "Foo"
# res.fetch('Nosuch') # Raises KeyError.
#
def fetch(key, *args, &block) #:yield: +key+
a = @header.fetch(key.downcase.to_s, *args, &block)
a.kind_of?(Array) ? a.join(', ') : a
end
# Calls the block with each key/value pair:
#
# res = Net::HTTP.get_response(hostname, '/todos/1')
# res.each_header do |key, value|
# p [key, value] if key.start_with?('c')
# end
#
# Output:
#
# ["content-type", "application/json; charset=utf-8"]
# ["connection", "keep-alive"]
# ["cache-control", "max-age=43200"]
# ["cf-cache-status", "HIT"]
# ["cf-ray", "771d17e9bc542cf5-ORD"]
#
# Returns an enumerator if no block is given.
#
# Net::HTTPHeader#each is an alias for Net::HTTPHeader#each_header.
def each_header #:yield: +key+, +value+
block_given? or return enum_for(__method__) { @header.size }
@header.each do |k,va|
yield k, va.join(', ')
end
end
alias each each_header
# Calls the block with each field key:
#
# res = Net::HTTP.get_response(hostname, '/todos/1')
# res.each_key do |key|
# p key if key.start_with?('c')
# end
#
# Output:
#
# "content-type"
# "connection"
# "cache-control"
# "cf-cache-status"
# "cf-ray"
#
# Returns an enumerator if no block is given.
#
# Net::HTTPHeader#each_name is an alias for Net::HTTPHeader#each_key.
def each_name(&block) #:yield: +key+
block_given? or return enum_for(__method__) { @header.size }
@header.each_key(&block)
end
alias each_key each_name
# Calls the block with each capitalized field name:
#
# res = Net::HTTP.get_response(hostname, '/todos/1')
# res.each_capitalized_name do |key|
# p key if key.start_with?('C')
# end
#
# Output:
#
# "Content-Type"
# "Connection"
# "Cache-Control"
# "Cf-Cache-Status"
# "Cf-Ray"
#
# The capitalization is system-dependent;
# see {Case Mapping}[rdoc-ref:case_mapping.rdoc].
#
# Returns an enumerator if no block is given.
def each_capitalized_name #:yield: +key+
block_given? or return enum_for(__method__) { @header.size }
@header.each_key do |k|
yield capitalize(k)
end
end
# Calls the block with each string field value:
#
# res = Net::HTTP.get_response(hostname, '/todos/1')
# res.each_value do |value|
# p value if value.start_with?('c')
# end
#
# Output:
#
# "chunked"
# "cf-q-config;dur=6.0000002122251e-06"
# "cloudflare"
#
# Returns an enumerator if no block is given.
def each_value #:yield: +value+
block_given? or return enum_for(__method__) { @header.size }
@header.each_value do |va|
yield va.join(', ')
end
end
# Removes the header for the given case-insensitive +key+
# (see {Fields}[rdoc-ref:Net::HTTPHeader@Fields]);
# returns the deleted value, or +nil+ if no such field exists:
#
# req = Net::HTTP::Get.new(uri)
# req.delete('Accept') # => ["*/*"]
# req.delete('Nosuch') # => nil
#
def delete(key)
@header.delete(key.downcase.to_s)
end
# Returns +true+ if the field for the case-insensitive +key+ exists, +false+ otherwise:
#
# req = Net::HTTP::Get.new(uri)
# req.key?('Accept') # => true
# req.key?('Nosuch') # => false
#
def key?(key)
@header.key?(key.downcase.to_s)
end
# Returns a hash of the key/value pairs:
#
# req = Net::HTTP::Get.new(uri)
# req.to_hash
# # =>
# {"accept-encoding"=>["gzip;q=1.0,deflate;q=0.6,identity;q=0.3"],
# "accept"=>["*/*"],
# "user-agent"=>["Ruby"],
# "host"=>["jsonplaceholder.typicode.com"]}
#
def to_hash
@header.dup
end
# Like #each_header, but the keys are returned in capitalized form.
#
# Net::HTTPHeader#canonical_each is an alias for Net::HTTPHeader#each_capitalized.
def each_capitalized
block_given? or return enum_for(__method__) { @header.size }
@header.each do |k,v|
yield capitalize(k), v.join(', ')
end
end
alias canonical_each each_capitalized
def capitalize(name)
name.to_s.split(/-/).map {|s| s.capitalize }.join('-')
end
private :capitalize
# Returns an array of Range objects that represent
# the value of field <tt>'Range'</tt>,
# or +nil+ if there is no such field;
# see {Range request header}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_HTTP_header_fields#range-request-header]:
#
# req = Net::HTTP::Get.new(uri)
# req['Range'] = 'bytes=0-99,200-299,400-499'
# req.range # => [0..99, 200..299, 400..499]
# req.delete('Range')
# req.range # # => nil
#
def range
return nil unless @header['range']
value = self['Range']
# byte-range-set = *( "," OWS ) ( byte-range-spec / suffix-byte-range-spec )
# *( OWS "," [ OWS ( byte-range-spec / suffix-byte-range-spec ) ] )
# corrected collected ABNF
# http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-httpbis-p5-range-19#section-5.4.1
# http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-httpbis-p5-range-19#appendix-C
# http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-httpbis-p1-messaging-19#section-3.2.5
unless /\Abytes=((?:,[ \t]*)*(?:\d+-\d*|-\d+)(?:[ \t]*,(?:[ \t]*\d+-\d*|-\d+)?)*)\z/ =~ value
raise Net::HTTPHeaderSyntaxError, "invalid syntax for byte-ranges-specifier: '#{value}'"
end
byte_range_set = $1
result = byte_range_set.split(/,/).map {|spec|
m = /(\d+)?\s*-\s*(\d+)?/i.match(spec) or
raise Net::HTTPHeaderSyntaxError, "invalid byte-range-spec: '#{spec}'"
d1 = m[1].to_i
d2 = m[2].to_i
if m[1] and m[2]
if d1 > d2
raise Net::HTTPHeaderSyntaxError, "last-byte-pos MUST greater than or equal to first-byte-pos but '#{spec}'"
end
d1..d2
elsif m[1]
d1..-1
elsif m[2]
-d2..-1
else
raise Net::HTTPHeaderSyntaxError, 'range is not specified'
end
}
# if result.empty?
# byte-range-set must include at least one byte-range-spec or suffix-byte-range-spec
# but above regexp already denies it.
if result.size == 1 && result[0].begin == 0 && result[0].end == -1
raise Net::HTTPHeaderSyntaxError, 'only one suffix-byte-range-spec with zero suffix-length'
end
result
end
# call-seq:
# set_range(length) -> length
# set_range(offset, length) -> range
# set_range(begin..length) -> range
#
# Sets the value for field <tt>'Range'</tt>;
# see {Range request header}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_HTTP_header_fields#range-request-header]:
#
# With argument +length+:
#
# req = Net::HTTP::Get.new(uri)
# req.set_range(100) # => 100
# req['Range'] # => "bytes=0-99"
#
# With arguments +offset+ and +length+:
#
# req.set_range(100, 100) # => 100...200
# req['Range'] # => "bytes=100-199"
#
# With argument +range+:
#
# req.set_range(100..199) # => 100..199
# req['Range'] # => "bytes=100-199"
#
# Net::HTTPHeader#range= is an alias for Net::HTTPHeader#set_range.
def set_range(r, e = nil)
unless r
@header.delete 'range'
return r
end
r = (r...r+e) if e
case r
when Numeric
n = r.to_i
rangestr = (n > 0 ? "0-#{n-1}" : "-#{-n}")
when Range
first = r.first
last = r.end
last -= 1 if r.exclude_end?
if last == -1
rangestr = (first > 0 ? "#{first}-" : "-#{-first}")
else
raise Net::HTTPHeaderSyntaxError, 'range.first is negative' if first < 0
raise Net::HTTPHeaderSyntaxError, 'range.last is negative' if last < 0
raise Net::HTTPHeaderSyntaxError, 'must be .first < .last' if first > last
rangestr = "#{first}-#{last}"
end
else
raise TypeError, 'Range/Integer is required'
end
@header['range'] = ["bytes=#{rangestr}"]
r
end
alias range= set_range
# Returns the value of field <tt>'Content-Length'</tt> as an integer,
# or +nil+ if there is no such field;
# see {Content-Length request header}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_HTTP_header_fields#content-length-request-header]:
#
# res = Net::HTTP.get_response(hostname, '/nosuch/1')
# res.content_length # => 2
# res = Net::HTTP.get_response(hostname, '/todos/1')
# res.content_length # => nil
#
def content_length
return nil unless key?('Content-Length')
len = self['Content-Length'].slice(/\d+/) or
raise Net::HTTPHeaderSyntaxError, 'wrong Content-Length format'
len.to_i
end
# Sets the value of field <tt>'Content-Length'</tt> to the given numeric;
# see {Content-Length response header}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_HTTP_header_fields#content-length-response-header]:
#
# _uri = uri.dup
# hostname = _uri.hostname # => "jsonplaceholder.typicode.com"
# _uri.path = '/posts' # => "/posts"
# req = Net::HTTP::Post.new(_uri) # => #<Net::HTTP::Post POST>
# req.body = '{"title": "foo","body": "bar","userId": 1}'
# req.content_length = req.body.size # => 42
# req.content_type = 'application/json'
# res = Net::HTTP.start(hostname) do |http|
# http.request(req)
# end # => #<Net::HTTPCreated 201 Created readbody=true>
#
def content_length=(len)
unless len
@header.delete 'content-length'
return nil
end
@header['content-length'] = [len.to_i.to_s]
end
# Returns +true+ if field <tt>'Transfer-Encoding'</tt>
# exists and has value <tt>'chunked'</tt>,
# +false+ otherwise;
# see {Transfer-Encoding response header}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_HTTP_header_fields#transfer-encoding-response-header]:
#
# res = Net::HTTP.get_response(hostname, '/todos/1')
# res['Transfer-Encoding'] # => "chunked"
# res.chunked? # => true
#
def chunked?
return false unless @header['transfer-encoding']
field = self['Transfer-Encoding']
(/(?:\A|[^\-\w])chunked(?![\-\w])/i =~ field) ? true : false
end
# Returns a Range object representing the value of field
# <tt>'Content-Range'</tt>, or +nil+ if no such field exists;
# see {Content-Range response header}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_HTTP_header_fields#content-range-response-header]:
#
# res = Net::HTTP.get_response(hostname, '/todos/1')
# res['Content-Range'] # => nil
# res['Content-Range'] = 'bytes 0-499/1000'
# res['Content-Range'] # => "bytes 0-499/1000"
# res.content_range # => 0..499
#
def content_range
return nil unless @header['content-range']
m = %r<\A\s*(\w+)\s+(\d+)-(\d+)/(\d+|\*)>.match(self['Content-Range']) or
raise Net::HTTPHeaderSyntaxError, 'wrong Content-Range format'
return unless m[1] == 'bytes'
m[2].to_i .. m[3].to_i
end
# Returns the integer representing length of the value of field
# <tt>'Content-Range'</tt>, or +nil+ if no such field exists;
# see {Content-Range response header}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_HTTP_header_fields#content-range-response-header]:
#
# res = Net::HTTP.get_response(hostname, '/todos/1')
# res['Content-Range'] # => nil
# res['Content-Range'] = 'bytes 0-499/1000'
# res.range_length # => 500
#
def range_length
r = content_range() or return nil
r.end - r.begin + 1
end
# Returns the {media type}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Media_type]
# from the value of field <tt>'Content-Type'</tt>,
# or +nil+ if no such field exists;
# see {Content-Type response header}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_HTTP_header_fields#content-type-response-header]:
#
# res = Net::HTTP.get_response(hostname, '/todos/1')
# res['content-type'] # => "application/json; charset=utf-8"
# res.content_type # => "application/json"
#
def content_type
main = main_type()
return nil unless main
sub = sub_type()
if sub
"#{main}/#{sub}"
else
main
end
end
# Returns the leading ('type') part of the
# {media type}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Media_type]
# from the value of field <tt>'Content-Type'</tt>,
# or +nil+ if no such field exists;
# see {Content-Type response header}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_HTTP_header_fields#content-type-response-header]:
#
# res = Net::HTTP.get_response(hostname, '/todos/1')
# res['content-type'] # => "application/json; charset=utf-8"
# res.main_type # => "application"
#
def main_type
return nil unless @header['content-type']
self['Content-Type'].split(';').first.to_s.split('/')[0].to_s.strip
end
# Returns the trailing ('subtype') part of the
# {media type}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Media_type]
# from the value of field <tt>'Content-Type'</tt>,
# or +nil+ if no such field exists;
# see {Content-Type response header}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_HTTP_header_fields#content-type-response-header]:
#
# res = Net::HTTP.get_response(hostname, '/todos/1')
# res['content-type'] # => "application/json; charset=utf-8"
# res.sub_type # => "json"
#
def sub_type
return nil unless @header['content-type']
_, sub = *self['Content-Type'].split(';').first.to_s.split('/')
return nil unless sub
sub.strip
end
# Returns the trailing ('parameters') part of the value of field <tt>'Content-Type'</tt>,
# or +nil+ if no such field exists;
# see {Content-Type response header}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_HTTP_header_fields#content-type-response-header]:
#
# res = Net::HTTP.get_response(hostname, '/todos/1')
# res['content-type'] # => "application/json; charset=utf-8"
# res.type_params # => {"charset"=>"utf-8"}
#
def type_params
result = {}
list = self['Content-Type'].to_s.split(';')
list.shift
list.each do |param|
k, v = *param.split('=', 2)
result[k.strip] = v.strip
end
result
end
# Sets the value of field <tt>'Content-Type'</tt>;
# returns the new value;
# see {Content-Type request header}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_HTTP_header_fields#content-type-request-header]:
#
# req = Net::HTTP::Get.new(uri)
# req.set_content_type('application/json') # => ["application/json"]
#
# Net::HTTPHeader#content_type= is an alias for Net::HTTPHeader#set_content_type.
def set_content_type(type, params = {})
@header['content-type'] = [type + params.map{|k,v|"; #{k}=#{v}"}.join('')]
end
alias content_type= set_content_type
# Sets the request body to a URL-encoded string derived from argument +params+,
# and sets request header field <tt>'Content-Type'</tt>
# to <tt>'application/x-www-form-urlencoded'</tt>.
#
# The resulting request is suitable for HTTP request +POST+ or +PUT+.
#
# Argument +params+ must be suitable for use as argument +enum+ to
# {URI.encode_www_form}[rdoc-ref:URI.encode_www_form].
#
# With only argument +params+ given,
# sets the body to a URL-encoded string with the default separator <tt>'&'</tt>:
#
# req = Net::HTTP::Post.new('example.com')
#
# req.set_form_data(q: 'ruby', lang: 'en')
# req.body # => "q=ruby&lang=en"
# req['Content-Type'] # => "application/x-www-form-urlencoded"
#
# req.set_form_data([['q', 'ruby'], ['lang', 'en']])
# req.body # => "q=ruby&lang=en"
#
# req.set_form_data(q: ['ruby', 'perl'], lang: 'en')
# req.body # => "q=ruby&q=perl&lang=en"
#
# req.set_form_data([['q', 'ruby'], ['q', 'perl'], ['lang', 'en']])
# req.body # => "q=ruby&q=perl&lang=en"
#
# With string argument +sep+ also given,
# uses that string as the separator:
#
# req.set_form_data({q: 'ruby', lang: 'en'}, '|')
# req.body # => "q=ruby|lang=en"
#
# Net::HTTPHeader#form_data= is an alias for Net::HTTPHeader#set_form_data.
def set_form_data(params, sep = '&')
query = URI.encode_www_form(params)
query.gsub!(/&/, sep) if sep != '&'
self.body = query
self.content_type = 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded'
end
alias form_data= set_form_data
# Stores form data to be used in a +POST+ or +PUT+ request.
#
# The form data given in +params+ consists of zero or more fields;
# each field is:
#
# - A scalar value.
# - A name/value pair.
# - An IO stream opened for reading.
#
# Argument +params+ should be an
# {Enumerable}[rdoc-ref:Enumerable@Enumerable+in+Ruby+Classes]
# (method <tt>params.map</tt> will be called),
# and is often an array or hash.
#
# First, we set up a request:
#
# _uri = uri.dup
# _uri.path ='/posts'
# req = Net::HTTP::Post.new(_uri)
#
# <b>Argument +params+ As an Array</b>
#
# When +params+ is an array,
# each of its elements is a subarray that defines a field;
# the subarray may contain:
#
# - One string:
#
# req.set_form([['foo'], ['bar'], ['baz']])
#
# - Two strings:
#
# req.set_form([%w[foo 0], %w[bar 1], %w[baz 2]])
#
# - When argument +enctype+ (see below) is given as
# <tt>'multipart/form-data'</tt>:
#
# - A string name and an IO stream opened for reading:
#
# require 'stringio'
# req.set_form([['file', StringIO.new('Ruby is cool.')]])
#
# - A string name, an IO stream opened for reading,
# and an options hash, which may contain these entries:
#
# - +:filename+: The name of the file to use.
# - +:content_type+: The content type of the uploaded file.
#
# Example:
#
# req.set_form([['file', file, {filename: "other-filename.foo"}]]
#
# The various forms may be mixed:
#
# req.set_form(['foo', %w[bar 1], ['file', file]])
#
# <b>Argument +params+ As a Hash</b>
#
# When +params+ is a hash,
# each of its entries is a name/value pair that defines a field:
#
# - The name is a string.
# - The value may be:
#
# - +nil+.
# - Another string.
# - An IO stream opened for reading
# (only when argument +enctype+ -- see below -- is given as
# <tt>'multipart/form-data'</tt>).
#
# Examples:
#
# # Nil-valued fields.
# req.set_form({'foo' => nil, 'bar' => nil, 'baz' => nil})
#
# # String-valued fields.
# req.set_form({'foo' => 0, 'bar' => 1, 'baz' => 2})
#
# # IO-valued field.
# require 'stringio'
# req.set_form({'file' => StringIO.new('Ruby is cool.')})
#
# # Mixture of fields.
# req.set_form({'foo' => nil, 'bar' => 1, 'file' => file})
#
# Optional argument +enctype+ specifies the value to be given
# to field <tt>'Content-Type'</tt>, and must be one of:
#
# - <tt>'application/x-www-form-urlencoded'</tt> (the default).
# - <tt>'multipart/form-data'</tt>;
# see {RFC 7578}[https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc7578].
#
# Optional argument +formopt+ is a hash of options
# (applicable only when argument +enctype+
# is <tt>'multipart/form-data'</tt>)
# that may include the following entries:
#
# - +:boundary+: The value is the boundary string for the multipart message.
# If not given, the boundary is a random string.
# See {Boundary}[https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc7578#section-4.1].
# - +:charset+: Value is the character set for the form submission.
# Field names and values of non-file fields should be encoded with this charset.
#
def set_form(params, enctype='application/x-www-form-urlencoded', formopt={})
@body_data = params
@body = nil
@body_stream = nil
@form_option = formopt
case enctype
when /\Aapplication\/x-www-form-urlencoded\z/i,
/\Amultipart\/form-data\z/i
self.content_type = enctype
else
raise ArgumentError, "invalid enctype: #{enctype}"
end
end
# Sets header <tt>'Authorization'</tt> using the given
# +account+ and +password+ strings:
#
# req.basic_auth('my_account', 'my_password')
# req['Authorization']
# # => "Basic bXlfYWNjb3VudDpteV9wYXNzd29yZA=="
#
def basic_auth(account, password)
@header['authorization'] = [basic_encode(account, password)]
end
# Sets header <tt>'Proxy-Authorization'</tt> using the given
# +account+ and +password+ strings:
#
# req.proxy_basic_auth('my_account', 'my_password')
# req['Proxy-Authorization']
# # => "Basic bXlfYWNjb3VudDpteV9wYXNzd29yZA=="
#
def proxy_basic_auth(account, password)
@header['proxy-authorization'] = [basic_encode(account, password)]
end
def basic_encode(account, password)
'Basic ' + ["#{account}:#{password}"].pack('m0')
end
private :basic_encode
# Returns whether the HTTP session is to be closed.
def connection_close?
token = /(?:\A|,)\s*close\s*(?:\z|,)/i
@header['connection']&.grep(token) {return true}
@header['proxy-connection']&.grep(token) {return true}
false
end
# Returns whether the HTTP session is to be kept alive.
def connection_keep_alive?
token = /(?:\A|,)\s*keep-alive\s*(?:\z|,)/i
@header['connection']&.grep(token) {return true}
@header['proxy-connection']&.grep(token) {return true}
false
end
end