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#ifndef RUBY_IO_H /*-*-C++-*-vi:se ft=cpp:*/
#define RUBY_IO_H 1
/**
* @file
* @author $Author$
* @date Fri Nov 12 16:47:09 JST 1993
* @copyright Copyright (C) 1993-2007 Yukihiro Matsumoto
* @copyright This file is a part of the programming language Ruby.
* Permission is hereby granted, to either redistribute and/or
* modify this file, provided that the conditions mentioned in the
* file COPYING are met. Consult the file for details.
*/
#include "ruby/internal/config.h"
#include <stdio.h>
#include "ruby/encoding.h"
#if defined(HAVE_STDIO_EXT_H)
#include <stdio_ext.h>
#endif
#include <errno.h>
/** @cond INTERNAL_MACRO */
#if defined(HAVE_POLL)
# ifdef _AIX
# define reqevents events
# define rtnevents revents
# endif
# include <poll.h>
# ifdef _AIX
# undef reqevents
# undef rtnevents
# undef events
# undef revents
# endif
# define RB_WAITFD_IN POLLIN
# if defined(POLLPRI)
# define RB_WAITFD_PRI POLLPRI
# else
# define RB_WAITFD_PRI 0
# endif
# define RB_WAITFD_OUT POLLOUT
#else
# define RB_WAITFD_IN 0x001
# define RB_WAITFD_PRI 0x002
# define RB_WAITFD_OUT 0x004
#endif
/** @endcond */
#include "ruby/internal/attr/const.h"
#include "ruby/internal/attr/packed_struct.h"
#include "ruby/internal/attr/pure.h"
#include "ruby/internal/attr/noreturn.h"
#include "ruby/internal/dllexport.h"
#include "ruby/internal/value.h"
// IO#wait, IO#wait_readable, IO#wait_writable, IO#wait_priority are defined by this implementation.
#define RUBY_IO_WAIT_METHODS
// Used as the default timeout argument to `rb_io_wait` to use the `IO#timeout` value.
#define RUBY_IO_TIMEOUT_DEFAULT Qnil
RBIMPL_SYMBOL_EXPORT_BEGIN()
struct stat;
struct timeval;
/**
* Indicates that a timeout has occurred while performing an IO operation.
*/
RUBY_EXTERN VALUE rb_eIOTimeoutError;
/**
* Type of events that an IO can wait.
*
* @internal
*
* This is visible from extension libraries because `io/wait` wants it.
*/
enum rb_io_event {
RUBY_IO_READABLE = RB_WAITFD_IN, /**< `IO::READABLE` */
RUBY_IO_WRITABLE = RB_WAITFD_OUT, /**< `IO::WRITABLE` */
RUBY_IO_PRIORITY = RB_WAITFD_PRI, /**< `IO::PRIORITY` */
};
typedef enum rb_io_event rb_io_event_t;
/**
* IO buffers. This is an implementation detail of ::rb_io_t::wbuf and
* ::rb_io_t::rbuf. People don't manipulate it directly.
*/
RBIMPL_ATTR_PACKED_STRUCT_UNALIGNED_BEGIN()
struct rb_io_internal_buffer {
/** Pointer to the underlying memory region, of at least `capa` bytes. */
char *ptr; /* off + len <= capa */
/** Offset inside of `ptr`. */
int off;
/** Length of the buffer. */
int len;
/** Designed capacity of the buffer. */
int capa;
} RBIMPL_ATTR_PACKED_STRUCT_UNALIGNED_END();
/** @alias{rb_io_buffer_t} */
typedef struct rb_io_internal_buffer rb_io_buffer_t;
/** Decomposed encoding flags (e.g. `"enc:enc2""`). */
/*
* enc enc2 read action write action
* NULL NULL force_encoding(default_external) write the byte sequence of str
* e1 NULL force_encoding(e1) convert str.encoding to e1
* e1 e2 convert from e2 to e1 convert str.encoding to e2
*/
struct rb_io_encoding {
/** Internal encoding. */
rb_encoding *enc;
/** External encoding. */
rb_encoding *enc2;
/**
* Flags.
*
* @see enum ::ruby_econv_flag_type
*/
int ecflags;
/**
* Flags as Ruby hash.
*
* @internal
*
* This is set. But used from nowhere maybe?
*/
VALUE ecopts;
};
#ifndef HAVE_RB_IO_T
#define HAVE_RB_IO_T 1
/** Ruby's IO, metadata and buffers. */
struct rb_io {
/** The IO's Ruby level counterpart. */
RBIMPL_ATTR_DEPRECATED(("with no replacement"))
VALUE self;
/** stdio ptr for read/write, if available. */
RBIMPL_ATTR_DEPRECATED(("with no replacement"))
FILE *stdio_file;
/** file descriptor. */
RBIMPL_ATTR_DEPRECATED(("rb_io_descriptor"))
int fd;
/** mode flags: FMODE_XXXs */
RBIMPL_ATTR_DEPRECATED(("rb_io_mode"))
int mode;
/** child's pid (for pipes) */
RBIMPL_ATTR_DEPRECATED(("with no replacement"))
rb_pid_t pid;
/** number of lines read */
RBIMPL_ATTR_DEPRECATED(("with no replacement"))
int lineno;
/** pathname for file */
RBIMPL_ATTR_DEPRECATED(("rb_io_path"))
VALUE pathv;
/** finalize proc */
RBIMPL_ATTR_DEPRECATED(("with no replacement"))
void (*finalize)(struct rb_io*,int);
/** Write buffer. */
RBIMPL_ATTR_DEPRECATED(("with no replacement"))
rb_io_buffer_t wbuf;
/**
* (Byte) read buffer. Note also that there is a field called
* ::rb_io_t::cbuf, which also concerns read IO.
*/
RBIMPL_ATTR_DEPRECATED(("with no replacement"))
rb_io_buffer_t rbuf;
/**
* Duplex IO object, if set.
*
* @see rb_io_set_write_io()
*/
RBIMPL_ATTR_DEPRECATED(("rb_io_get_write_io"))
VALUE tied_io_for_writing;
RBIMPL_ATTR_DEPRECATED(("with no replacement"))
struct rb_io_encoding encs; /**< Decomposed encoding flags. */
/** Encoding converter used when reading from this IO. */
RBIMPL_ATTR_DEPRECATED(("with no replacement"))
rb_econv_t *readconv;
/**
* rb_io_ungetc() destination. This buffer is read before checking
* ::rb_io_t::rbuf
*/
RBIMPL_ATTR_DEPRECATED(("with no replacement"))
rb_io_buffer_t cbuf;
/** Encoding converter used when writing to this IO. */
RBIMPL_ATTR_DEPRECATED(("with no replacement"))
rb_econv_t *writeconv;
/**
* This is, when set, an instance of ::rb_cString which holds the "common"
* encoding. Write conversion can convert strings twice... In case
* conversion from encoding X to encoding Y does not exist, Ruby finds an
* encoding Z that bridges the two, so that X to Z to Y conversion happens.
*/
RBIMPL_ATTR_DEPRECATED(("with no replacement"))
VALUE writeconv_asciicompat;
/** Whether ::rb_io_t::writeconv is already set up. */
RBIMPL_ATTR_DEPRECATED(("with no replacement"))
int writeconv_initialized;
/**
* Value of ::rb_io_t::rb_io_enc_t::ecflags stored right before
* initialising ::rb_io_t::writeconv.
*/
RBIMPL_ATTR_DEPRECATED(("with no replacement"))
int writeconv_pre_ecflags;
/**
* Value of ::rb_io_t::rb_io_enc_t::ecopts stored right before initialising
* ::rb_io_t::writeconv.
*/
RBIMPL_ATTR_DEPRECATED(("with no replacement"))
VALUE writeconv_pre_ecopts;
/**
* This is a Ruby level mutex. It avoids multiple threads to write to an
* IO at once; helps for instance rb_io_puts() to ensure newlines right
* next to its arguments.
*
* This of course doesn't help inter-process IO interleaves, though.
*/
RBIMPL_ATTR_DEPRECATED(("with no replacement"))
VALUE write_lock;
/**
* The timeout associated with this IO when performing blocking operations.
*/
RBIMPL_ATTR_DEPRECATED(("rb_io_timeout/rb_io_set_timeout"))
VALUE timeout;
};
#endif
typedef struct rb_io rb_io_t;
/** @alias{rb_io_enc_t} */
typedef struct rb_io_encoding rb_io_enc_t;
/**
* @name Possible flags for ::rb_io_t::mode
*
* @{
*/
/** The IO is opened for reading. */
#define FMODE_READABLE 0x00000001
/** The IO is opened for writing. */
#define FMODE_WRITABLE 0x00000002
/** The IO is opened for both read/write. */
#define FMODE_READWRITE (FMODE_READABLE|FMODE_WRITABLE)
/**
* The IO is in "binary mode". This is not what everything rb_io_binmode()
* concerns. This low-level flag is to stop CR <-> CRLF conversions that would
* happen in the underlying operating system.
*
* Setting this one and #FMODE_TEXTMODE at the same time is a contradiction.
* Setting this one and #ECONV_NEWLINE_DECORATOR_MASK at the same time is also
* a contradiction.
*/
#define FMODE_BINMODE 0x00000004
/**
* The IO is in "sync mode". All output is immediately flushed to the
* underlying operating system then. Can be set via rb_io_synchronized(), but
* there is no way except calling `IO#sync=` to reset.
*/
#define FMODE_SYNC 0x00000008
/**
* The IO is a TTY. What is a TTY and what isn't depends on the underlying
* operating system's `isatty(3)` output. You cannot change this.
*/
#define FMODE_TTY 0x00000010
/**
* Ruby eventually detects that the IO is bidirectional. For instance a TTY
* has such property. There are several other things known to be duplexed.
* Additionally you (extension library authors) can also implement your own
* bidirectional IO subclasses. One of such example is `Socket`.
*/
#define FMODE_DUPLEX 0x00000020
/**
* The IO is opened for appending. This mode always writes at the end of the
* IO. Ruby manages this flag for record but basically the logic behind this
* mode is at the underlying operating system. We almost do nothing.
*/
#define FMODE_APPEND 0x00000040
/**
* The IO is opened for creating. This makes sense only when the destination
* file does not exist at the time the IO object was created. This is the
* default mode for writing, but you can pass `"r+"` to `IO.open` etc., to
* reroute this creation.
*/
#define FMODE_CREATE 0x00000080
/* #define FMODE_NOREVLOOKUP 0x00000100 */
/**
* This flag amends the effect of #FMODE_CREATE, so that if there already is a
* file at the given path the operation fails. Using this you can be sure that
* the file you get is a fresh new one.
*/
#define FMODE_EXCL 0x00000400
/**
* This flag amends the effect of #FMODE_CREATE, so that if there already is a
* file at the given path it gets truncated.
*/
#define FMODE_TRUNC 0x00000800
/**
* The IO is in "text mode". On systems where such mode make sense, this flag
* changes the way the IO handles the contents. On POSIX systems it is
* basically a no-op, but with this flag set you can optionally let Ruby
* manually convert newlines, unlike when in binary mode:
*
* ```ruby
* IO.open("/p/a/t/h", "wt", crlf_newline: true) # "wb" is NG.
* ```
*
* Setting this one and #FMODE_BINMODE at the same time is a contradiction.
*/
#define FMODE_TEXTMODE 0x00001000
/**
* This flag means that an IO object is wrapping an "external" file descriptor,
* which is owned by something outside the Ruby interpreter (usually a C extension).
* Ruby will not close this file when the IO object is garbage collected.
* If this flag is set, then IO#autoclose? is false, and vice-versa.
*
* This flag was previously called FMODE_PREP internally.
*/
#define FMODE_EXTERNAL 0x00010000
/* #define FMODE_SIGNAL_ON_EPIPE 0x00020000 */
/**
* This flag amends the encoding of the IO so that the BOM of the contents of
* the IO takes effect.
*/
#define FMODE_SETENC_BY_BOM 0x00100000
/* #define FMODE_UNIX 0x00200000 */
/* #define FMODE_INET 0x00400000 */
/* #define FMODE_INET6 0x00800000 */
/** @} */
/**
* Allocate a new IO object, with the given file descriptor.
*/
VALUE rb_io_open_descriptor(VALUE klass, int descriptor, int mode, VALUE path, VALUE timeout, struct rb_io_encoding *encoding);
/**
* Returns whether or not the underlying IO is closed.
*
* @return Whether the underlying IO is closed.
*/
VALUE rb_io_closed_p(VALUE io);
/**
* Queries the underlying IO pointer.
*
* @param[in] obj An IO object.
* @param[out] fp A variable of type ::rb_io_t.
* @exception rb_eFrozenError `obj` is frozen.
* @exception rb_eIOError `obj` is closed.
* @post `fp` holds `obj`'s underlying IO.
*/
#define RB_IO_POINTER(obj,fp) rb_io_check_closed((fp) = RFILE(rb_io_taint_check(obj))->fptr)
/**
* This is an old name of #RB_IO_POINTER. Not sure if we want to deprecate
* this macro. There still are tons of usages out there in the wild.
*/
#define GetOpenFile RB_IO_POINTER
/**
* Fills an IO object. This makes the best sense when called from inside of an
* `#initialize` method of a 3rd party extension library that inherits
* ::rb_cIO.
*
* If the passed IO is already opened for something it first closes that and
* opens a new one instead.
*
* @param[out] obj An IO object to fill in.
* @param[out] fp A variable of type ::rb_io_t.
* @exception rb_eTypeError `obj` is not ::RUBY_T_FILE.
* @post `fp` holds `obj`'s underlying IO.
*/
#define RB_IO_OPEN(obj, fp) do {\
(fp) = rb_io_make_open_file(obj);\
} while (0)
/**
* This is an old name of #RB_IO_OPEN. Not sure if we want to deprecate this
* macro. There still are usages out there in the wild.
*/
#define MakeOpenFile RB_IO_OPEN
/**
* @private
*
* This is an implementation detail of #RB_IO_OPEN. People don't use it
* directly.
*
* @param[out] obj An IO object to fill in.
* @exception rb_eTypeError `obj` is not ::RUBY_T_FILE.
* @return `obj`'s backend IO.
* @post `obj` is initialised.
*/
rb_io_t *rb_io_make_open_file(VALUE obj);
/**
* Finds or creates a stdio's file structure from a Ruby's one. This can be
* handy if you want to call an external API that accepts `FILE *`.
*
* @note Note however, that `FILE`s can have their own buffer. Mixing Ruby's
* and stdio's file are basically dangerous. Use with care.
*
* @param[in,out] fptr Target IO.
* @return A stdio's file, created if absent.
* @post `fptr` has its corresponding stdio's file.
*
* @internal
*
* We had rich support for `FILE` before! In the days of 1.8.x ::rb_io_t was
* like this:
*
* ```CXX
* typedef struct rb_io {
* FILE *f; // stdio ptr for read/write
* FILE *f2; // additional ptr for rw pipes
* int mode; // mode flags
* int pid; // child's pid (for pipes)
* int lineno; // number of lines read
* char *path; // pathname for file
* void (*finalize) _((struct rb_io*,int)); // finalize proc
* } rb_io_t;
*```
*
* But we eventually abandoned this layout. It was too difficult. We could
* not have fine-grained control over the `f` field.
*
* - `FILE` tends to be an opaque struct. It does not interface well with
* `select(2)` etc. This makes IO multiplexing quite hard. Using stdio,
* there is arguably no portable way to know if `fwrite(3)` blocks.
*
* - Nonblocking mode, which is another core concept that enables IO
* multiplexing, does not interface with stdio routines at all.
*
* - Detection of duplexed IO is also hard for the same reason.
*
* - `feof(3)` is not portable.
* https://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2001-January/011390.html
*
* - Solaris was a thing back then. They could not have more than 256 `FILE`
* structures at a time. Their file descriptors ware stored in an
* `unsigned char`.
*
* - It is next to impossible to avoid SEGV, especially when a thread tries to
* `ungetc(3)`-ing from a `FILE` which is `fread(3)`-ed by another one.
*
* In short, it is a bad idea to let someone else manage IO buffers, especially
* someone you cannot control. This still applies to extension libraries
* methinks. Ruby doesn't prevent you from shooting yourself in the foot, but
* consider yourself warned here.
*/
FILE *rb_io_stdio_file(rb_io_t *fptr);
/**
* Identical to rb_io_stdio_file(), except it takes file descriptors instead of
* Ruby's IO. It can also be seen as a compatibility layer to wrap
* `fdopen(3)`. Nowadays all supporting systems, including Windows, have
* `fdopen`. Why not use them.
*
* @param[in] fd A file descriptor.
* @param[in] modestr C string, something like `"r+"`.
* @exception rb_eSystemCallError `fdopen` failed for some reason.
* @return A stdio's file associated with `fd`.
* @note Interpretation of `modestr` depends on the underlying operating
* system. On glibc you might be able to pass e.g. `"rm"`, but
* that's an extension to POSIX.
*/
FILE *rb_fdopen(int fd, const char *modestr);
/**
* Maps a file mode string (that rb_file_open() takes) into a mixture of
* `FMODE_` flags. This for instance returns
* `FMODE_WRITABLE | FMODE_TRUNC | FMODE_CREATE | FMODE_EXCL` for `"wx"`.
*
* @note You cannot pass this return value to OS provided `open(2)` etc.
*
* @param[in] modestr File mode, in C's string.
* @exception rb_eArgError `modestr` is broken.
* @return A set of flags.
*
* @internal
*
* rb_io_modestr_fmode() is not a pure function because it raises.
*/
int rb_io_modestr_fmode(const char *modestr);
/**
* Identical to rb_io_modestr_fmode(), except it returns a mixture of `O_`
* flags. This for instance returns `O_WRONLY | O_TRUNC | O_CREAT | O_EXCL` for
* `"wx"`.
*
* @param[in] modestr File mode, in C's string.
* @exception rb_eArgError `modestr` is broken.
* @return A set of flags.
*
* @internal
*
* rb_io_modestr_oflags() is not a pure function because it raises.
*/
int rb_io_modestr_oflags(const char *modestr);
RBIMPL_ATTR_CONST()
/**
* Converts an oflags (that rb_io_modestr_oflags() returns) to a fmode (that
* rb_io_mode_flags() returns). This is a purely functional operation.
*
* @param[in] oflags A set of `O_` flags.
* @return Corresponding set of `FMODE_` flags.
*/
int rb_io_oflags_fmode(int oflags);
/**
* Asserts that an IO is opened for writing.
*
* @param[in] fptr An IO you want to write to.
* @exception rb_eIOError `fptr` is not for writing.
* @post Upon successful return `fptr` is ready for writing.
*
* @internal
*
* The parameter must have been `const rb_io_t *`.
*/
void rb_io_check_writable(rb_io_t *fptr);
/** @alias{rb_io_check_byte_readable} */
void rb_io_check_readable(rb_io_t *fptr);
/**
* Asserts that an IO is opened for character-based reading. A character can
* be wider than a byte. Because of this we have to buffer reads from
* descriptors. This fiction checks if that is possible.
*
* @param[in] fptr An IO you want to read characters from.
* @exception rb_eIOError `fptr` is not for reading.
* @post Upon successful return `fptr` is ready for reading characters.
*
* @internal
*
* Unlike rb_io_check_writable() the parameter cannot be `const rb_io_t *`.
* Behind the scene this operation flushes its write buffers. This is because
* of OpenSSL. They mandate this way.
*
* @see "Can I use OpenSSL's SSL library with non-blocking I/O?"
* https://www.openssl.org/docs/faq.html
*/
void rb_io_check_char_readable(rb_io_t *fptr);
/**
* Asserts that an IO is opened for byte-based reading. Byte-based and
* character-based reading operations cannot be mixed at a time.
*
* @param[in] fptr An IO you want to read characters from.
* @exception rb_eIOError `fptr` is not for reading.
* @post Upon successful return `fptr` is ready for reading bytes.
*/
void rb_io_check_byte_readable(rb_io_t *fptr);
/**
* Destroys the given IO. Any pending operations are flushed.
*
* @note It makes no sense to call this function from anywhere outside of your
* class' ::rb_data_type_struct::dfree.
*
* @param[out] fptr IO to close.
* @post `fptr` is no longer a valid pointer.
*/
int rb_io_fptr_finalize(rb_io_t *fptr);
/**
* Sets #FMODE_SYNC.
*
* @note There is no way for C extensions to undo this operation.
*
* @param[out] fptr IO to set the flag.
* @exception rb_eIOError `fptr` is not opened.
* @post `fptr` is in sync mode.
*/
void rb_io_synchronized(rb_io_t *fptr);
/**
* Asserts that the passed IO is initialised.
*
* @param[in] fptr IO that you expect be initialised.
* @exception rb_eIOError `fptr` is not initialised.
* @post `fptr` is initialised.
*/
void rb_io_check_initialized(rb_io_t *fptr);
/**
* This badly named function asserts that the passed IO is _open_.
*
* @param[in] fptr An IO
* @exception rb_eIOError `fptr` is closed.
* @post `fptr` is open.
*/
void rb_io_check_closed(rb_io_t *fptr);
/**
* Identical to rb_io_check_io(), except it raises exceptions on conversion
* failures.
*
* @param[in] io Target object.
* @exception rb_eTypeError No implicit conversion to IO.
* @return Return value of `obj.to_io`.
* @see rb_str_to_str
* @see rb_ary_to_ary
*/
VALUE rb_io_get_io(VALUE io);
/**
* Try converting an object to its IO representation using its `to_io` method,
* if any. If there is no such thing, returns ::RUBY_Qnil.
*
* @param[in] io Arbitrary ruby object to convert.
* @exception rb_eTypeError `obj.to_io` returned something non-IO.
* @retval RUBY_Qnil No conversion from `obj` to IO defined.
* @retval otherwise Converted IO representation of `obj`.
* @see rb_check_array_type
* @see rb_check_string_type
* @see rb_check_hash_type
*/
VALUE rb_io_check_io(VALUE io);
/**
* Queries the tied IO for writing. An IO can be duplexed. Fine. The thing
* is, that characteristics could sometimes be achieved by the underlying
* operating system (for instance a socket's duplexity is by nature) but
* sometimes by us. Notable example is a bidirectional pipe. Suppose you
* have:
*
* ```ruby
* fp = IO.popen("-", "r+")
* ```
*
* This pipe is duplexed (the `"r+"`). You can both read from/write to it.
* However your operating system may or may not implement bidirectional pipes.
* FreeBSD is one of such operating systems known to have one; OTOH Linux is
* known to lack such things. So to achieve maximum portability, Ruby's
* bidirectional pipes are done purely in user land. A pipe in ruby can have
* multiple file descriptors; one for reading and the other for writing. This
* API is to obtain the IO port which corresponds to the passed one, for
* writing.
*
* @param[in] io An IO.
* @return Its tied IO for writing, if any, or `io` itself otherwise.
*/
VALUE rb_io_get_write_io(VALUE io);
/**
* Assigns the tied IO for writing. See rb_io_get_write_io() for what a "tied
* IO for writing" is.
*
* @param[out] io An IO.
* @param[in] w Another IO.
* @retval RUBY_Qnil There was no tied IO for writing for `io`.
* @retval otherwise The IO formerly tied to `io`.
* @post `io` ties `w` for writing.
*
* @internal
*
* @shyouhei doesn't think there is any needs of this function for 3rd party
* extension libraries.
*/
VALUE rb_io_set_write_io(VALUE io, VALUE w);
/**
* Instructs the OS to put its internal file structure into "nonblocking mode".
* This is an in-Kernel concept. Reading from/writing to that file using C
* function calls would return -1 with errno set. However when it comes to a
* ruby program, we hide that error behind our `IO#read` method. Ruby level
* `IO#read` blocks regardless of this flag. If you want to avoid blocking,
* you should consider using methods like `IO#readpartial`.
*
* ```ruby
* require 'io/nonblock'
* STDIN.nonblock = true
* STDIN.gets # blocks.
* ```
*
* As of writing there is a room of this API in Fiber schedulers. A Fiber
* scheduler could be written in a way its behaviour depends on this property.
* You need an in-depth understanding of how schedulers work to properly
* leverage this, though.
*
* @note Note however that nonblocking-ness propagates across process
* boundaries. You must really carefully watch your step when turning
* for instance `stderr` into nonblock mode (it tends to be shared
* across many processes). Also it is a complete disaster to mix a
* nonblocking file and stdio, and `stderr` tends to be under control of
* stdio in other processes.
*
* @param[out] fptr An IO that is to ne nonblocking.
* @post Descriptor that `fptr` describes is under nonblocking mode.
*
* @internal
*
* There is `O_NONBLOCK` but not `FMODE_NONBLOCK`. You cannot atomically
* create a nonblocking file descriptor using our API.
*/
void rb_io_set_nonblock(rb_io_t *fptr);
/**
* Returns the path for the given IO.
*
*/
VALUE rb_io_path(VALUE io);
/**
* Returns an integer representing the numeric file descriptor for
* <em>io</em>.
*
* @param[in] io An IO.
* @retval int A file descriptor.
*/
int rb_io_descriptor(VALUE io);
/**
* Get the mode of the IO.
*
*/
int rb_io_mode(VALUE io);
/**
* This function breaks down the option hash that `IO#initialize` takes into
* components. This is an implementation detail of rb_io_extract_modeenc()
* today. People prefer that API instead.
*
* @param[in] opt The hash to decompose.
* @param[out] enc_p Return value buffer.
* @param[out] enc2_p Return value buffer.
* @param[out] fmode_p Return value buffer.
* @exception rb_eTypeError `opt` is broken.
* @exception rb_eArgError Specified encoding does not exist.
* @retval 1 Components got extracted.
* @retval 0 Otherwise.
* @post `enc_p` is the specified internal encoding.
* @post `enc2_p` is the specified external encoding.
* @post `fmode_p` is the specified set of `FMODE_` modes.
*/
int rb_io_extract_encoding_option(VALUE opt, rb_encoding **enc_p, rb_encoding **enc2_p, int *fmode_p);
/**
* This function can be seen as an extended version of
* rb_io_extract_encoding_option() that not only concerns the option hash but
* also mode string and so on. This should be mixed with rb_scan_args() like:
*
* ```CXX
* // This method mimics File.new
* static VALUE
* your_method(int argc, const VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
* {
* VALUE f; // file name
* VALUE m; // open mode
* VALUE p; // permission (O_CREAT)
* VALUE k; // keywords
* rb_io_enc_t c; // converter
* int oflags;
* int fmode;
*
* int n = rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "12:", &f, &m, &p, &k);
* rb_io_extract_modeenc(&m, &p, k, &oflags, &fmode, &c);
*
* // Every local variables declared so far has been properly filled here.
* ...
* }
* ```
*
* @param[in,out] vmode_p Pointer to a mode object.
* @param[in,out] vperm_p Pointer to a permission object.
* @param[in] opthash Keyword arguments
* @param[out] oflags_p `O_` flags return buffer.
* @param[out] fmode_p `FMODE_` flags return buffer.
* @param[out] convconfig_p Encoding config return buffer.
* @exception rb_eTypeError Unexpected object (e.g. Time) passed.
* @exception rb_eArgError Contradiction inside of params.
* @post `*vmode_p` is a mode object (filled if any).
* @post `*vperm_p` is a permission object (filled if any).
* @post `*oflags_p` is filled with `O_` flags.
* @post `*fmode_p` is filled with `FMODE_` flags.
* @post `*convconfig_p` is filled with conversion instructions.
*
* @internal
*
* ```rbs
* class File
* def initialize: (
* (String | int) path,
* ?(String | int) fmode,
* ?(String | int) perm,
* ?mode: (String | int),
* ?flags: int,
* ?external_encoding: (Encoding | String),
* ?internal_encoding: (Encoding | String),
* ?encoding: String,
* ?textmode: bool,
* ?binmode: bool,
* ?autoclose: bool,
* ?invalid: :replace,
* ?undef: :replace,
* ?replace: String,
* ?fallback: (Hash | Proc | Method),
* ?xml: (:text | :attr),
* ?crlf_newline: bool,
* ?cr_newline: bool,
* ?universal_newline: bool
* ) -> void
* ```
*/
void rb_io_extract_modeenc(VALUE *vmode_p, VALUE *vperm_p, VALUE opthash, int *oflags_p, int *fmode_p, rb_io_enc_t *convconfig_p);
/* :TODO: can this function be __attribute__((warn_unused_result)) or not? */
/**
* Buffered write to the passed IO.
*
* @param[out] io Destination IO.
* @param[in] buf Contents to go to `io`.
* @param[in] size Number of bytes of `buf`.
* @exception rb_eFrozenError `io` is frozen.
* @exception rb_eIOError `io` is not open for writing.
* @exception rb_eSystemCallError `writev(2)` failed for some reason.
* @retval -1 Write failed.
* @retval otherwise Number of bytes actually written.
* @post `buf` is written to `io`.
* @note Partial write is a thing. It is a failure not to check the
* return value.
*/
ssize_t rb_io_bufwrite(VALUE io, const void *buf, size_t size);
//RBIMPL_ATTR_DEPRECATED(("use rb_io_maybe_wait_readable"))
/**
* Blocks until the passed file descriptor gets readable.
*
* @deprecated We now prefer rb_io_maybe_wait_readable() over this one.
* @param[in] fd The file descriptor to wait.
* @exception rb_eIOError Bad file descriptor.
* @return 0 or 1 (meaning unclear).
* @post `fd` is ready for reading.
*/
int rb_io_wait_readable(int fd);
//RBIMPL_ATTR_DEPRECATED(("use rb_io_maybe_wait_writable"))
/**
* Blocks until the passed file descriptor gets writable.
*
* @deprecated We now prefer rb_io_maybe_wait_writable() over this one.
* @param[in] fd The file descriptor to wait.
* @exception rb_eIOError Bad file descriptor.
* @return 0 or 1 (meaning unclear).
*/
int rb_io_wait_writable(int fd);
//RBIMPL_ATTR_DEPRECATED(("use rb_io_wait"))
/**
* Blocks until the passed file descriptor is ready for the passed events.
*
* @deprecated We now prefer rb_io_maybe_wait() over this one.
* @param[in] fd The file descriptor to wait.
* @param[in] events A set of enum ::rb_io_event_t.
* @param[in,out] tv Timeout.
* @retval 0 Operation timed out.
* @retval -1 `select(2)` failed for some reason.
* @retval otherwise A set of enum ::rb_io_event_t.
* @note Depending on your operating system `tv` might or might not
* be updated (POSIX permits both). Portable programs must
* have no assumptions.
*/
int rb_wait_for_single_fd(int fd, int events, struct timeval *tv);
/**
* Get the timeout associated with the specified io object.
*
* @param[in] io An IO object.
* @retval RUBY_Qnil There is no associated timeout.
* @retval Otherwise The timeout value.
*/
VALUE rb_io_timeout(VALUE io);
/**
* Set the timeout associated with the specified io object. This timeout is
* used as a best effort timeout to prevent operations from blocking forever.
*
* @param[in] io An IO object.
* @param[in] timeout A timeout value. Must respond to #to_f.
* @
*/
VALUE rb_io_set_timeout(VALUE io, VALUE timeout);
/**
* Blocks until the passed IO is ready for the passed events. The "events"
* here is a Ruby level integer, which is an OR-ed value of `IO::READABLE`,
* `IO::WRITable`, and `IO::PRIORITY`.
*
* If timeout is `Qnil`, it will use the default timeout as given by
* `rb_io_timeout(io)`.
*
* @param[in] io An IO object to wait.
* @param[in] events See above.
* @param[in] timeout Time, or numeric seconds since UNIX epoch.
* If Qnil, use the default timeout. If Qfalse
* or Qundef, wait forever.
* @exception rb_eIOError `io` is not open.
* @exception rb_eRangeError `timeout` is out of range.
* @exception rb_eSystemCallError `select(2)` failed for some reason.
* @retval RUBY_Qfalse Operation timed out.
* @retval Otherwise Actual events reached.
*/
VALUE rb_io_wait(VALUE io, VALUE events, VALUE timeout);
/**
* Identical to rb_io_wait() except it additionally takes previous errno. If
* the passed errno indicates for instance `EINTR`, this function returns
* immediately. This is expected to be called in a loop.
*
* ```CXX
* while (true) {
*
* ... // Your interesting operation here
* // `errno` could be updated
*
* rb_io_maybe_wait(errno, io, ev, Qnil);
* }
* ```
*
* @param[in] error System errno.
* @param[in] io An IO object to wait.
* @param[in] events An integer set of interests.
* @param[in] timeout Time, or numeric seconds since UNIX epoch.
* @exception rb_eIOError `io` is not open.
* @exception rb_eRangeError `timeout` is out of range.
* @exception rb_eSystemCallError `select(2)` failed for some reason.
* @retval RUBY_Qfalse Operation timed out.
* @retval Otherwise Actual events reached.
*
* @internal
*
* This function to return ::RUBY_Qfalse on timeout could be unintended. It
* seems timeout feature has some rough edge.
*/
VALUE rb_io_maybe_wait(int error, VALUE io, VALUE events, VALUE timeout);
/**
* Blocks until the passed IO is ready for reading, if that makes sense for the
* passed errno. This is a special case of rb_io_maybe_wait() that only
* concerns for reading.
*
* @param[in] error System errno.
* @param[in] io An IO object to wait.
* @param[in] timeout Time, or numeric seconds since UNIX epoch.
* @exception rb_eIOError `io` is not open.
* @exception rb_eRangeError `timeout` is out of range.
* @exception rb_eSystemCallError `select(2)` failed for some reason.
* @retval 0 Operation timed out.
* @retval Otherwise Always returns ::RUBY_IO_READABLE.
*/
int rb_io_maybe_wait_readable(int error, VALUE io, VALUE timeout);
/**
* Blocks until the passed IO is ready for writing, if that makes sense for the
* passed errno. This is a special case of rb_io_maybe_wait() that only
* concernsfor writing.
*
* @param[in] error System errno.
* @param[in] io An IO object to wait.
* @param[in] timeout Time, or numeric seconds since UNIX epoch.
* @exception rb_eIOError `io` is not open.
* @exception rb_eRangeError `timeout` is out of range.
* @exception rb_eSystemCallError `select(2)` failed for some reason.
* @retval 0 Operation timed out.
* @retval Otherwise Always returns ::RUBY_IO_WRITABLE.
*/
int rb_io_maybe_wait_writable(int error, VALUE io, VALUE timeout);
/** @cond INTERNAL_MACRO */
/* compatibility for ruby 1.8 and older */
#define rb_io_mode_flags(modestr) [<"rb_io_mode_flags() is obsolete; use rb_io_modestr_fmode()">]
#define rb_io_modenum_flags(oflags) [<"rb_io_modenum_flags() is obsolete; use rb_io_oflags_fmode()">]
/** @endcond */
/**
* @deprecated This function once was a thing in the old days, but makes no
* sense any longer today. Exists here for backwards
* compatibility only. You can safely forget about it.
*
* @param[in] obj Object in question.
* @exception rb_eFrozenError obj is frozen.
* @return The passed `obj`
*/
VALUE rb_io_taint_check(VALUE obj);
RBIMPL_ATTR_NORETURN()
/**
* Utility function to raise ::rb_eEOFError.
*
* @exception rb_eEOFError End of file situation.
* @note It never returns.
*/
void rb_eof_error(void);
/**
* Blocks until there is a pending read in the passed IO. If there already is
* it just returns.
*
* @param[out] fptr An IO to wait for reading.
* @post The are bytes to be read.
*/
void rb_io_read_check(rb_io_t *fptr);
RBIMPL_ATTR_PURE()
/**
* Queries if the passed IO has any pending reads. Unlike rb_io_read_check()
* this doesn't block; has no side effects.
*
* @param[in] fptr An IO which can have pending reads.
* @retval 0 The IO is empty.
* @retval 1 There is something buffered.
*/
int rb_io_read_pending(rb_io_t *fptr);
/**
* Constructs an instance of ::rb_cStat from the passed information.
*
* @param[in] st A stat.
* @return Allocated new instance of ::rb_cStat.
*/
VALUE rb_stat_new(const struct stat *st);
/* gc.c */
RBIMPL_SYMBOL_EXPORT_END()
#endif /* RUBY_IO_H */